序批式活性污泥法处理城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液的试验研究

采用单池ＳＢＲ法对城市垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理进行了试验研究，对亚硝化型硝化的可能性作了探讨。采用ＳＢＲ法的最佳运行模式，对ＣＯＤＣｒ，ＢＯＤ５，ＮＨ３－Ｎ分别为４２０￣４２１６ｍｇ／Ｌ，４０￣９９０ｍｇ／Ｌ，１２０￣４０８ｍｇ／Ｌ的渗滤液进行处理，其去除率分别达到８７．３２￣９６．５６％，９５．２２￣９９．３３％，９０．６９￣９９．３４％，并提出了三池运行模式。     

活化粉煤灰对垃圾渗滤液中铬离子的吸附作用研究

以试验的方法研究了活化粉煤灰对垃圾渗滤液中铬离子的吸附作用.试验结果表明,垃圾渗滤液的初始浓度对铬离子的去除率的影响最大,其次是反应温度、粉煤灰用量、垃圾渗滤液的pH值和反应时间;在最佳条件下,活化粉煤灰对垃圾渗滤液中铬离子的去除率达88.8%.     

上流式厌氧过滤器处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂 ,变易性大的难处理高浓度有机废水。本文采用上流式厌氧过滤器对垃圾渗滤液进行处理 ,并对厌氧消化影响因素进行研究 ,结果表明 ,上流式厌氧过滤器处理垃圾渗滤液的效果良好 ,在中温 (35～ 4 0℃ )消化时高浓度 (30 0 0～ 80 0 0mg·L-1)进水COD的去除率达 95 %左右 ,常温消化的COD去除率也可达 90 %左右 ;反应器的容积负荷可达 5kgCOD·m-3d-1以上 ;上流式厌氧过滤器启动期短 ,耐冲击性好。     

垃圾渗滤液处理技术研究进展

垃圾填埋过程中产生的渗滤液具有污染物浓度高、水质水量变化大等特点，是国内外污水处理的一大难题。本文综述了垃圾渗滤液的预处理、主体工艺及深度处理技术，指出了预处理和深度处理的重要性，并对国内外几大垃圾填埋场渗滤液处理工艺作了比较。     

垃圾渗滤液COD的测定方法比较

主要研究了如何运用国标法和分光光度法测定垃圾渗滤液中的COD值.试验结果表明,分光光度法测定的UV254与COD值存在非常好的相关性,计算出的COD值与国标法测定的结果吻合度较高;并且该方法无需对被测样品进行任何处理就可直接测定,因此可节约测定成本,缩短测定时间.     

城市生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液生物脱氮新技术研究进展

本文对短程硝化反硝化、同时硝化反硝化及厌氧氨氧化等生物脱氮新技术的研究现状进行了简要的综述和讨论.     

农用城市污泥二硝基甲苯在蕹菜-水稻土-渗漏水系统中的分布特征研究

在水稻土中施用城市污泥和化肥盆栽蕹菜，应用GC/MS技术对蕹菜植株、土壤和渗漏水中2,4-二硝基甲苯(2,4-DNT)和2,6-二硝基甲苯(2,6-DNT)进行分析。结果表明，各处理蕹菜植株中2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT在各处理植株中的含量分别为0.035～0.307 mg/kg和0.007～0.392 mg/kg；土壤中的含量分别为0.015～0.146 mg/kg和未检出～0.285 mg/kg；渗漏水中的含量分别低于0.10 mg/L和未检出。施肥（包括化肥、污泥、污泥＋化肥）可能导致蕹菜植株和土壤中2,6-DNT的累积，2,4-DNT的情况较复杂。施肥也可能导致水体2,4-二硝基甲苯污染。不同处理的土壤-植株-渗漏水系统中2,4-DNT和2,6-DNT的含量分布特征不同。化肥中2,4-DNT的生物有效性明显高于2,6-DNT，施用化肥提高了污泥中2,4-DNT的生物有效性，降低了2,6-DNT的生物有效性，使2,4-DNT更易被蕹菜吸收积累，2,6-DNT更趋于分布在土壤中。     

Overland flow systems for treatment of landfill leachates—Potential nitrification and structure of the ammonia-oxidising bacterial community during a growing season

Overland flow systems are useful for treating landfill leachates, because they provide favourable conditions for nitrification and they are easy to maintain. However, little is known about the microbial communities in such systems or the nitrification capacity of those microorganisms. In this study, seasonal variations in potential nitrification and in community composition of nitrifying bacteria were investigated in two overland flow areas receiving leachate from landfills at Korslöt and Hagby, Sweden. Samples were collected in the settling ponds sediment and at two depths in the overland flow areas (the macrophyte litter layer and the rhizosphere) in May, August and November 2003. A short-term incubation method was used to measure potential oxidation of ammonia and nitrite (designated PAO and PNO). The ammonia-oxidising bacterial (AOB) community was investigated using a 16S rRNA gene approach that included PCR amplification and analysis of PCR products by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), followed by nucleotide sequencing and phylogenetic analysis.PAO was determined in the range 5-2700 (NO₂⁻+NO₃⁻)-N g⁻¹ dw d⁻¹ and PNO in the range 60-2000 μg NO₂⁻-N g⁻¹ dw d⁻¹. At Korslöt, PAO and PNO showed similar temporal variation in the different ecosystems, whereas no such relationship was noticed at Hagby. Considering both sites, there was no obvious change in the composition of the AOB community over the growing season. However, the composition did differ between the ecosystems: Nitrosomonas-like sequences were more common in the ponds, and in the litter layers they were found as often as Nitrosospira-like sequences, whereas Nitrosospira-like sequences were more common in the rhizospheres. Altogether, we found nine different AOB sequences, five Nitrosomonas-like and four Nitrosospira-like, which belonged to clusters 0, 2, 3b, 6a, 6b and 7. There was no apparent relationship between the number of AOB populations and the PAO in different soil layers and sediments.     

Responses of methane oxidation to temperature and water content in cover soil of a boreal landfill

Methane oxidation in a cover soil of a landfill located in a boreal climate was studied at temperatures ranging from 1-19 °C and with water content of 7-34% of dry weight (dw), corresponding to 17-81% of water-holding capacity (WHC) in order to better understand the factors regulating CH₄ oxidation at low temperatures. CH₄ consumption was detected at all the temperatures studied (1-19 °C) and an increase in CH₄ consumption rate in consecutive incubations was obtained even at 1 °C, indicating activation or increase in enzymes and/or microorganisms responsible for CH₄ oxidation. CH₄ consumption was reduced with low water content (17%WHC) at all temperatures. The response of CH₄ consumption to temperature was high with Q₁₀ values from 6.5 to 8.4 and dependent on water content: at 33%WHC or more an increase in water content was accompanied by a decrease in Q₁₀ values. The responses of CH₄ consumption to water content varied at different temperatures so that at 1-6 °C, CH₄ consumption increased along with water content (33-67%WHC) while at 12-19 °C the response was curvilinear, peaking at 50%WHC. CH₄ consumption was less tolerant (higher Q₁₀ values; 6.5-8.4) of low temperatures compared to basal respiration (Q₁₀ values for CO₂ production and O₂ consumption 3.2-4.0). Overall, the present results demonstrate the presence of CH₄-oxidizing microorganisms, which are able to consume CH₄ and to be activated or grow at low temperatures, suggesting that CH₄ oxidation can reduce atmospheric CH₄ emissions from methanogenic environments even in cold climates.     

垃圾渗滤液与城市污水合并处理脱氮

为了解决垃圾渗滤液与城市污水合并处理氮难以稳定达标排放的问题,采用倒置A2/O法合并处理混合污水脱氮.结果表明,水力停留时间是脱氮效果的限制因素,试验条件下水力停留时间至少应保证9 h.好氧池溶解氧浓度增加对总氮去除不利;在60%～100%的范围内提高污泥回流比对有机物去除和反硝化有利;混合液回流比在100%～200%范围内增加对反硝化有一定促进作用.在水温25～30℃、泥龄20 d、MLSS3 000～3 500 mg/L、HRT11h、DO 3 mg/L、R80%、r200%时,有机物和脱氮效果同步达到最优,且出水浓度均可稳定地达到<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准>(GB18918-2002)一级A标准.